They rapidly break inside cells, where the environment is a reducing one due to the high concentration of glutathione (GSH), while the oxidizing extracellular environment provides them long-term stability (Yang et al., 2016)
Mazzulli JR, Xu Y-H, Sun Y, Knight AL, McLean PJ, Caldwell GA, Sidransky E, Grabowski GA, Krainc D (2011) Gaucher Disease Glucocerebrosidase and -Synuclein Form a Bidirectional Pathogenic Loop in Synucleinopathies
Declaration of patient consent Patient consent was not required as there are no patients in this study
Because each category reaches weight loss through a different pathway, no single mechanism explains how every peptide in this guide works